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Alexander of Tralles
Alexander () of Tralles in Lydia (or Alexander Trallianus, c. 525 – c.605) was one of the most eminent of the ancient physicians. His date may safely be put in the 6th century, for he mentions Aëtius Amidenus,〔Alexander of Tralles, xii. 8, p. 346〕 who probably did not write until the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century, and he is himself quoted by Paul of Aegina,〔Paul of Aegina, iii. 21. 78, vii. 5, 11, 19, pp. 447, 495, 650, 660, 687〕 who is supposed to have lived in the 7th century; besides which, he is mentioned as a contemporary of Agathias,〔Agathias, ''History'' v. p. 149〕 who set about writing his ''History'' in the beginning of the reign of Justin II, about 565.
==Life==
Alexander had the advantage of being brought up under his father Stephanus, who was himself a physician,〔Alexander of Tralles, iv. p. 198〕 and also under another person, whose name he does not mention, but to whose son Cosmas he dedicates his chief work,〔Alexander of Tralles, xii. i. p. 313〕 which he wrote out of gratitude at his request. He was a man of an extensive practice, of a very long experience, and of great reputation, not only at Rome, but wherever he traveled in Spain, Gaul, and Italy,〔Alexander of Tralles, i. 15, pp. 156, 157〕 whence he was called by way of eminence "Alexander the Physician". Agathias speaks also with great praise of his four brothers, Anthemius, Dioscorus, Metrodorus, and Olympius, who were all eminent in their several professions. Alexander is not a mere compiler, like Aëtius Amidenus, Oribasius, and others, but is an author of quite a different stamp, and has more the air of an original writer. He wrote his great work in an extreme old age,〔Alexander of Tralles, xii. 1, p. 313〕 from the results of his own experience, when he could no longer bear the fatigue of practice. His style in the main was, according to scholars such as John Freind, very good, short, clear, and (to use Alexander's own term) consisting of common expressions;〔 and though not always perfectly elegant, yet very expressive and intelligible.
German scholar Johann Albert Fabricius considered Alexander to have belonged to the sect of the Methodici, but in the opinion of Freind this is not proved sufficiently by the existing text.
Perhaps the most curious art of his practice appears to be his belief in charms and amulets. For example, his suggestion for treatment of ague: "Gather olive leaf before sunrise, write on it with common ink (''ka roi a''), and hang it round the neck."〔Alexander of Tralles, xii. 7, p. 339〕 In exorcising gout he says, "I adjure thee by the great name " (''Iao Sabaoth''), and a little further on, "I adjure thee with the holy names " (''Iao, Sabaoth, Adonai, Eloi''), from which he would appear to have been either a Jew or a Christian, and, from his frequent prescription of pork, it is most probable that he was a Christian.
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